Bring a large pot of water to a boil. Mix the sauce ingredients together and set aside.
Heat a skillet over medium-high heat and add the olive oil. Pat the ground chicken dry on both sides with a paper towel. Once the oil is hot, add the chicken and brown on both sides, about 2-3 minutes per side, before breaking apart and fully cooking.
Once the chicken is fully cooked, salt the pot of water and drop the pasta in. Cook for 3 minutes. (You want al dente pasta. Different pasta may have a different cook time.)
While the pasta cooks, add the sauce to the cooked ground chicken and stir everything together. Let the sauce begin to caramelize but watch closely to avoid scorching.
Once the pasta is nearly done, add a cup of the pasta water to the skillet, stirring everything together. You can add more if you like more broth in your noodles. Remove from the heat.
Drain the remaining water and add the noodles to the skillet. Toss everything together and serve with toasted peanuts, scallions, and extra chili oil, if desired.